2. Sufism- a branch of Islam; search for a development and personal relationship with God which is opposite to most main stream Muslims.
They are dedicated to a life of prayer and fasting.
3. Video on Sufi Whirling
4. Presentations
- Australia
- Aborigines
- language groups
- clans totem and territory
- no chief
- shared posessions
- Sacred Nature
- Not one invisible God
- numerous ancestral gods
- "oneness with nature"
- reincarnation
- sacrifice for bird
- Moiety
- based on Ancestral beings from creation
- "exogamous"
- Totem
- animal/plant/place related to person or group
- can't eat totem
- Tribes
- Alawa tribe
- est. 1960
- inhabited an area in western/southern Australia
- Kaurna
- Southern Australia
- lived in pangkarra
- circumcision
- Kalkadoon
- Mount Isa
- Beliefs
- Earth and figures are eternal
- connected tribes with languages
- some groups believe in supreme being
- Dream Time
- time of creation
- spirits came into forms
- ancestor spirits come alive
- passed down by word of mouth
- Aboriginal Deities
- 70 common Spirits
- Creation being
- Ancestral being
- Totemic being
- Rainbow Serpent
- believed to control the water
- Main Rituals
- pray to the land
- Funerals and Initiation ceremonies
- Art is important to culture/religion
- Modern Day Australia
- Christian
- Religious Freedom
- India
- Hinduism
- Buddhism
- Gaiyism
- Rivers
- Ganges---> washed away sins, baptism, bathing
- Way of Life
- Dharma
- ethics and duties
- Samsara
- rebirth
- Karma
- right action
- Moksha
- liberation from the cycle of Samsara
- Beliefs
- no unified system
- interchangeable beliefs
- idol worship and reincarnation
- Brahma
- creator
- four heads
- lotus
- no weapon
- Vishnu
- preserver
- golden maize
- lotus
- spinning disk
- white conic shell
- Shiva
- many forms; trident, snakes, 2-sided drum, destroyer of world (good and bad)
- African Religion
- Egypt
- arid, rely on seasons, by the Nile
- Beliefs
- centered on rituals and myths
- early Dynastic period (3000 B.C.) --->unification of Egypt
- polytheistic
- Maat- fixed eternal order of the universe
- Pharaoh- human and devine
- Eastern Africa
- least urbanized
- "horn nations"
- Abdul-Baha wrote letters encouraging a start of religious community
- Southern Africa
- around the Great Lakes and forced East
- believe sun and moon were gods
- 3 main gods: Guab, Gauanab, Haitisi-aibib
- Central Africa
- Congo---> second largest rainforest
- Bantu, a major ethnic group
- most were Christians
- major god is Efile Mukula
- West Africa
- domestication of camel allowed more advancement
- Bantu people and Islam are mentioned in religious history
- Christianity is predominent
- Yoruba people of Nigeria
- Gelede Festival
- All believe in a supreme being
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